I decided to go through the Gospel of Matthew and record all the references to the Old Testament. This might seem odd, but the reason I thought about doing this is that I was thinking about the debate over the interpretation of the creation account in Genesis. A while ago, I attended a panel at a church about creationism and evolution, and the basic view presented there was one of agnosticism toward the subject and an openness to theistic evolution. I realized that Jesus and Paul (original sin from Adam in Romans 5) both use the literal details of the Genesis account of creation to establish doctrine.
Realizing how Jesus and the gospel writers viewed the Old Testament tells us how we should view and interpret Scripture. So, without further ado, here is my list from Matthew. It's probably not perfect, and you can probably find this in a book somewhere.
1:23 Matthew quotes Isaiah 7:14, prophecy that the Messiah would be born to a virgin
2:6 Scribes and priests quote Micah 5:2, prophecy about Messiah
2:15 Matthew calls Hosea a prophet and quotes Hosea 11:1
2:17, 18 Matthew calls Jeremiah a prophet and quotes Jeremiah 31:15
3:3 Matthew says John the Baptist is he who was spoken of by Isaiah 40:3
4:4 Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 8:3 in response to Satan's temptation
4:6 Satan quotes Psalm 91:11,12 to tempt Jesus
4:7 Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:16
4:10 Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:13
4:14-16 Matthew attributes current events to the prophecy of Isaiah 9:1, 2
5:17-19 Jesus says He did not come to destroy the Law or the Prophets, but to fulfill. He confirms their inerrancy by saying that not "one jot or one tittle" would pass away till all was fulfilled.
5:21 Jesus quotes Exodus 20:13 or Deuteronomy 5:17
5:27 Jesus quotes Exodus 20:14 or Deuteronomy 5:18
5:38 Jesus quotes Exodus 21:24, Leviticus 24:20, or Deuteronomy 19:21
5:43 Jesus refers to Leviticus 19:18
6:29 Jesus refers to 'Solomon in all his glory,' a historical reference to I Kings
7:12 Jesus sums up the Law and the Prophets with the golden rule
8:11 Jesus makes historical reference to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (told of in Genesis), referring to future events in which they will be involved.
8:17 Matthew says Isaiah 53:4 is fulfilled in Jesus
8:20 Jesus refers to Himself as the 'Son of Man,' a clear Messianic reference to Daniel 7:13. By calling Himself by this title, Jesus was claiming to be the fulfillment of Daniel's prophecy, the Messiah and the King of 'all peoples, nations, and languages.'
9:13 Jesus quotes Hosea 6:6
10:15 Jesus speaks of literal, future events involving Sodom and Gomorrah (specifically, the day of judgment). The story of Sodom and Gomorrah is from Genesis, and this saying of Jesus is proof that the Genesis account is literally and historically true.
10:35, 36 Jesus quotes Micah 7:6
11:10 Jesus quotes Malachi 3:1
11:21 Jesus makes reference to past and future events involving Tyre and Sidon (references to which are found in multiple books in the Old Testament)
11:23, 24 Jesus refers again to Sodom
12:3-5 Jesus refers tot he story of David eating the showbread found in I Samuel 21
12:7 Jesus again quotes Hosea 6:6
12:18-21 Matthew quotes prophecy that is fulfilled in Jesus, Isaiah 42:1-4
12:23 Multitudes refer to Messianic prophecy asking if Jesus is the 'Son of David'
12:29 Jesus refers to the prophet Jonah and the historical city of Nineveh
12:42 Jesus refers to the Queen of the South visiting Solomon, an event recorded in I Kings 10
13:14 Jesus calls Isaiah 6:9, 10 'prophecy' and quotes it.
13:35 Matthew refers to Messianic prophecy fulfilled by Jesus, Psalm 78:2
15:3-6 Jesus quotes Exodus 20:12, Deuteronomy 5:16, or Exodus 21:17 to rebuke the Pharisees, and He saya that those passages are the 'commandment of God.'
15:7-9 Jesus quotes Isaiah 29:13
16:4 Jesus again refers to the sign of the prophet Jonah
17:3, 4 The transfiguration: Moses and Elijah appear, corroborating the life of Moses as written of in the Torah and the life of Elijah as written of in I and II Kings
17:10-12 Jesus and his disciples refer to the prophecy of the coming of Elijah before the Messiah, found in Malachi 4:5
18:16 Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 19:15 to establish doctrine of church behavior
19:4-6 Jesus quotes Genesis 1:27, 5:2, and 2:24. He refers to the literal details of the creation account of Adam and Eve to establish the doctrine of marriage.
19:18 Jesus explains why Moses allowed divorce, a historical reference to the Torah
19:18, 19 Jesus quotes parts of Exodus 20:12-16, Deuteronomy 5:16-20, and Leviticus 19:18
21:5 Matthew attribute Jesus' actions to the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9
21:9 The people quote Psalm 118:26 to praise Jesus
21:13 Jesus quote Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11 in one sentence
21:16 Jesus quotes Psalm 8:2
21:42 Jesus quotes Psalm 118:22, 23
22:23-28 The Sadducees refer to the Torah and the law of a brother raising up children with his dead brother's wife if she has not yet had a children.
22:29 Jesus rebukes the Sadducees rebukes the Sadducees for not understanding the Scriptures nor the power of God.
22:31, 32 Jesus quotes Exodus 3:6, 15 and says that these passages were 'spoken to you by God.' This is a direct and unequivocal statement by the Lord Jesus Himself that the words of Scripture, penned by a human being, are in fact the words of God.
22:37 Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:5, the first and great commandment
22:39 Jesus quotes Leviticus 19:18, the second great commandment
22:40 Jesus says that on these two commandments hang the Law and the Prophets
22:43-45 Jesus quotes and refers to Psalm 110:1
23:2 Jesus confirms Moses' authority
23:23 Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for neglecting matters of the Law more weighty than tithing
23:25 Jesus makes historical, literal reference to the murder of Abel (written of in Genesis 4) and the murder of Zechariah (written of in II Chronicles 24)
23:39 Jesus quotes Psalm 118:26
24:15 Jesus quotes Daniel 11:31 and 12:11, speaking of 'Daniel the prophet'
24:36 Jesus refers to the events of the days of Noah (written of in Genesis 6-10) to explain the end times
26:24 In reference to His impending death, Jesus says that he goes 'just as it is written of Him'
26:31 Jesus quotes Zechariah 13:7, a Messianic prophecy
26:54 During His arrest in the garden of Gethsemane, Jesus says that the things that were happening to Him at that time were a fulfillment of the Scriptures.
26:56 Speaking of His arrest, Jesus says, "all this was done that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled."
27:9 Matthew says that Judas' betrayal and surrounding events were the fulfillment of the prophecy of Jeremiah 32:6-9
27:35 Matthew tells of the dividing of Jesus' garments and says that was the fulfillment of the Messianic prophecy of Psalm 22:18
27:46 While hanging on the cross, Jesus cries out with a loud voice quoting Psalm 22:1, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"
27:47, 49 Some references to Elijah by onlookers to the crucifixion
28:1 Matthew refers to the Sabbath, an article from the Law of Moses
Some interesting facts about the Old Testament from the Gospel of Matthew:Jesus quotes Scripture from twelve (12) Old Testament books: Deuteronomy, Exodus, Leviticus, Daniel, Hosea, Micah, Malachi, Isaiah, Genesis, Jeremiah, Psalms, and Zechariah.
There are seventy (70) references to the Old Testament, including quotes, historical references, and corroborating evidence, almost all of which are made by Jesus or Matthew, to a total of sixteen (16) books: I and II Kings, I Samuel, Jonah, and the books listed above which Jesus quoted.
Jesus makes eight (8) literal refences to people or events written of in Genesis, including the existence, past and present, of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; the existence and future judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah; the creation of Adam and Eve 'at the beginning' as male and female and that as a basis for the doctrine of marriage; the murder of Abel, the son of Adam and Eve, and the guilt for that murder being placed on the certain people; the events of the days of Noah and that as a picture of the events of the end times.
Unfortunately, some of these comments convey an attitude of mockery and hatred toward atheists from supposed Christians. This is lamentable. As a Christian, Jesus has saved me from my wretched state as a sinner, and I am no better than anyone else.
The type of questions that have been called unanswerable in numerous posts are not too difficult to answer, however the answer goes to the heart of a person's pride. The existence of God is a logical conclusion. Something has always existed from eternity past, either dead matter or a living being. If you don't concede to this, then your assertion is subject to the question "Where did that come from?" over and over again, every answer you give begging the question even further. This very attribute that logically *must* be possessed by something is itself boggling to our minds. Of something in the universe we must conclude: "This had no beginning and therefore has no end as well. It is eternal." If the physical world is itself eternal, and there is no spiritual reality, then why is everything that is most important to every person in the world unseen? We want to be loved, and to love others, to be known, to enjoy intimacy, to be respected, to leave a legacy, to be feared, to have power over other human beings, and the list goes on of both good and bad desires. Why are we afraid of death? From a purely physical standpoint, it seems pretty peaceful and serene, with an absence of suffering. If you simply observe yourself and catalog your own thoughts, you'll realize when you get down to the heart of what you care about and think about and strive for, it is almost all immaterial. Even when you work hard for money to live the good life it's ultimately to have a feeling of security and experience pleasure inside that you hope will be induced by your physical possessions. Finally, most people, whether they believe in God or not, would say at the end of their lives that they gained the most satisfation from their relationships with family and friends and everything else matters little. This is no accident: it tells us in very simple terms both our purpose for existence and the nature of the One who created us.
God wants to be your father and mother, you sister and brother, your spouse, and your best friend. The reason he created human society with these relationships is so that we would understand the different facets of His own relationship to us! The natural and the supernatural are congruent, as Paul writes in Romans chapter one.
One of the major objections mentioned in multiple posts is the way God deals with human life and rights in the Bible. This is going to be tough for you to swallow, because it offends your pride, but here it is: something is right, because God says it is and something is wrong because God says it is, and for no other reason. Legitimate moral reasoning begins with that. Please bear with me, this is not illogical, although it is simple. Since God exists and is the Creator of everything, then He owns everything and is completely within His right to do whatever He wants with it. Since He Himself has authority of life and death, He can also can explicitly delegate that authority to human beings. Who can tell God that He's wrong? Seriously. How can the creature tell the creator what to do? That would be ridiculous. With a few notable exceptions, God has decided that everyone will physically die; we know this already. It's just a matter of when. Do I have a right to get mad at God when He gives someone only 25 years on earth instead of 80? It was all a gift from Him in the first place! As the Creator and Owner of everything, He has the right (and He is truly just) to do whatever He wants. This is not illogical in the slightest; it just offends our pride.
If you can humble yourself and admit that God is always just and right to do whatever He pleases, included taking anyone's life at any time, then you've started toward Him. If, however, you reject His very nature of omnipotence and righteousness, then you are choosing to remain separated from Him. I assure you that He wants you. This is where the sacrifice of Jesus comes in. People get offended when Christians say that God will punish all sin. How can God be so cruel? For your sake, he poured out His terrible wrath that each one of us deserved for our negligence to glorify Him properly and draw close to Him in relationship - He poured out this just wrath on His own Son, because His heart is so unimaginably filled with fiery, passionate desire to be reconciled to each one of us as a Husband. (As a side note, this identification of God as a husband to his people is first found in the Old Testament...see Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Psalms.)
There are so many people who call themselves Christians who really are not. They don't understand this framework of God's love and redemptive free grace to save us from His terrible yet just wrath, which is clearly revealed in the Bible. My heart breaks for people like Ms. Jacoby who were introduced as children to a loveless, intellectually flimsy, perversion of true faith in Christ that pushed them away from the man Jesus Christ. He is alive, and He's waiting for you to come to Him. Like the parable of the prodigal son, all you have to do is come to the end of yourself and ask for His help and His heart will leap for joy to see you coming, and He'll start running when He sees you in the distance and He'll embrace you and wrap His arms around you and kiss you, and then all the angels of heaven will rejoice with a party like you've never seen before, because the heart of God is overflowing with joy at your return. You may think this is flowery language and wishful thinking, but it's *literally true.* Not only have I reasoned through the logical challenges to faith in Jesus, but I've tasted His presence, and He changed my life. Repent of your sins and come to Jesus today.